Secondary Sources

This thesis compares the economic value of fur-trade era textiles from Upper Fort Garry (DlLg-21) recovered from two privies (outhouses), of which at least one dates to the military occupation of the Sixth Regiment of Foot (1844-48), to contemporaneous materials from York Factory. A sample of 436 textile pieces (20%) was chosen from a large sample of 2,181 items, one of the largest samples recovered in Canada of a rarely surviving artifact category. Results found the privies to be similar in terms of economic value, fibre type and textile structure, to each other and the York Factory sample.

In this article the author examines the ceramic assemblage recovered from within the walls of Upper Fort Garry during the 1996-1998 reconstruction of Main Street. Patterns and marks are described in detail, and manufacturers are identified where possible. Manufacturers Spode/Copeland, John Meir & Sons, J. & M.P. Bell & Company are discussed in terms of pattern, marks, and their connection to the Hudson Bay Company, where relevant.

This document is a catalogue of selected artifacts recovered during Parks Canada excavations at The Forks in 1984, that were deemed to be valuable in developing interpretations for the public. A description, interpretation and photograph accompany each artifact listing. The following artifact categories are represented: arms and ammunition; Pre- and Postcontact ceramics including smoking equipment, dinnerware, storage, cooking; glass including storage, lighting, decorative, medicine; lithics; metal containers; miscellaneous including metal tools, glass beads, bone artifacts, shell and bone buttons, ivory artifacts; other metal including tinkling cones and sewing equipment.

The theme of this paper is to determine the relationship between social position (status) and material culture during the fur trade, specifically 1821 – 1870. The groups used for this study are: The Hudson’s Bay Company’s Northern Department, with their “quasi-militaristic” hierarchy; the peoples in the region living outside the Company (religious, agricultural); and impermanent groups (The Sixth Regiment). There is a small chart with sample records of meat distribution for a couple of social classes.

Summarises information found in Quaternary Consultants Ltd. report from 1998 titled Archaeology of Main Street Roadworks: York Avenue to Tache Avenue 1996-1998.

This thesis examines the development and context of fur trade archaeology including the influence of political, social, academic and ideological factors of the time. The sections include: Introduction, Research Strategy Growth of Fur Trade Archaeology in Western Provinces, Theoretical Perspectives and Participants in Fur Trade Archaeology, In Support of Our Cultural Identity, and a Conclusion. Appendix A: People Interviewed, Appendix B: Fur Trade References, Appendix C: Fur Trade Posts Investigated by Province and Decade. Maps, tables and charts are included.