Secondary Sources

This booklet describes, briefly, the 6000 year history of The Forks. The titles include: Land Use at The Forks in the Precontact Period, Native-European Contact at The Forks 1734-60, The Forks and the Competitive Fur Trade Period: 1760-1821, The Forks, Native Settlement and the Hudson’s Bay Company: 1821-50, Transition at The Forks: 1850-1900, Winnipeg and the Junction – A Metropolis in the Making: 1870-86, The Junction and the Railway Era: 1886-1923, The Forks and Immigration: 1870-1920, and Environmental Citizenship.

Beginning with the first Aboriginal group on written record as controlling the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers - the Assiniboines (Nakota), this report briefly traces developments at The Forks from the arrival of La Verendrye's nephew, La Jemeraye (1736) to the railroad era (1880s - 1980s).

This report covers the history of The Forks from 1734 to 1850, focusing on Aboriginal history: Native/Euro-Canadian contact (1734-1760) including subsistence and migration patterns, and the establishment of Fort Rouge; Native Society and Economy During the Competitive Fur Trade Period (1760-1821) including Euro-Canadian commercial competition (pre-1800 and 1800-1821), Cree and Salteaux settlements (1790-1821), and Métis settlement; and Native Settlement and the Hudson’s Bay Company (1821-50) including the church’s role, economy, civil government, agriculture, and the disintegration of company rule. Reproductions of 51 maps, diagrams and photos from the Glenbow and Manitoba Archives are included.

This is a discussion of historical evidence of the four major Fur Trade establishments: Fort Rouge (1738, during La Vérendrye period, 1731-1744); the North West Company’s Forts Gibraltar I and II (1810-1821); Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Fort Garry I (1822-1835); and HBC Upper Fort Garry (1835-1885).

This paper presents a structural history of Forts Gibraltar I and II, Fort Garry and Upper Fort Garry. The article contains descriptive accounts by witnesses, details of various buildings, fort locations, construction techniques and the archaeological significance. There are maps and drawings of landscapes and construction details.